Background: About 50,000 new cancer cases occur annually in Iran, of which gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are the most common. Colorectal cancers (CRC) account for the third and fourth most prevalent cancers amongst Iranian men and women, respectively. Since CRC has some well-known hereditary forms with differences in their prevalence according to regional heterogeneity, we designed a study to assess familial aspects of this cancer in subjects who reside in Mazandaran Province, Iran.Methods: We interviewed all CRC patients who attended a private GI clinic during 1999 – 2007, with histologically confirmed diagnoses of colorectal adenocarcinoma, about their family histories of CRC and age at diagnosis.Pedigrees were drawn up to second-degree relatives.Results: A total of 293 CRC cases enrolled in the study, of which 152 were maleand 141 were female. The mean age of patients was 52.6±15.2 years.Of these, 98 patients (33.5%) were under the age of 45. A total of 66 cases (22.5%) had familial histories of CRC, being significantly more prevalent in younger subjects (11.2% vs.44.9%, P<0.0001). Thirty-two patients (10.9%) fulfilled the criteria for hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer. In addition, right-sided colon cancers were more prevalent in those with positive familial histories (P<0.05).Conclusion: Due to the frequency of early-onset CRC and familial syndromes, a more intense screening protocol for early detection of CRC should be developed for this population.

Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality globally, ranking as the third most common cause of death in males and the second in females. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the estimated incidence is 4.04 per 100,000, with slightly higher rates in men than women.The liver is the most common site for colorectal cancer metastases, with about 50% of patients developing liver metastases during the disease. Multidisciplinary approaches involving colorectal and liver surgeons, oncologists, radiologists, and other specialists have become crucial in managing colorectal liver metastases (CRLM).Historically, liver resections began in the late 19th century, with significant advancements including the development of ultrasonic scalpels, preoperative portal vein embolization, and vascular staplers. The understanding of CRLM progression involves mutations in tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, leading to uncontrolled cell growth, invasion, and metastasis. Surgical approaches include classical, synchronous, and liver-first strategies. Resectable CRLM typically involves wedge or anatomic resections. For unresectable cases, therapies like radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, and hepatic artery infusion could be used. Novel techniques such as two-stage hepatectomy and ALPPS, along with conversion chemotherapy, have improved resection rates and survival outcomes. Finally, the management of CRLM has evolved significantly with advancements in surgical techniques and therapies, emphasizing the need for specialized training and a multidisciplinary approach, particularly in regions like Sub-Saharan Africa.

Background: Early colorectal cancer (CRC) detection helps reduce the mortality rate. This study aimed to investigate colon lesions in individuals with positive and negative fecal immunochemical test (FIT) results among the (PERSIAN) Guilan cohort study (PGCS) population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1158 participants over 50 who were volunteers for the FIT stool test at the Endoscopy Department of Razi Hospital, Rasht, Iran, from 2021 to 2022. The FIT test was screened for all participants, and for 172 individuals (86 individuals from each group with positive and negative FIT results), a colonoscopy was performed to investigate the colon lesions. Demographic/clinical characteristics, FIT results, colonoscopy findings, and the Bristol Stool Chart were completed. All data were analyzed using SPSS Version 16, considering a significant level<0.05. Results: Out of 1,158 participants, 86 had positive FIT results, and 172 (52.3%) were females. The colonoscopy results showed that 34.3% of the patients had colon lesions. Individuals with positive FIT exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of colon lesions (p<0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed between positive and negative FIT results, demographic and clinical characteristics, and the location of lesions in individuals with colon lesions (p>0.05). Moreover, there was a significant difference in pathological findings and the presence of adenomatous polyps regarding the FIT results (p<0.001). Conclusion: The effectiveness of FIT in the initial stages of screening for early lesion detection is considerable, especially for individuals with upper age.

Colorectal cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Most colorectal cancers begin as a growth of tissue called a polyp, some types of which can change into cancer over the course of several years. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is known to play a key role in the initiation, growth and progression of polyp and colorectal cancer. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms involved in colorectal cancer and polyp angiogenesis.

Background: Colon carcinoma growth depends on many factors such as, different organisms, and immune cells, which induce and produce inflammatory cytokines. Umbelliprenin is a naturally prenylated coumarin with anti-inflammatory activities. Its ability to induce cancer cell death has shown variation on different cancer cell lines.Objectives: 7-Prenyloxycoumarins, including umbelliprenin have been widely investigated because of their pharmacological activities. This paper shows the effect of umbelliprenin on colon cancer cell lines.Material and Methods: In the present study, invasive SW48 and noninvasive SW1116 were treated with umbelliprenin (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mM), and the cytotoxicity was determined using a methyl thiazolelydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.Results: Umbelliprenin had significant cytotoxic activity against SW48 cells at all study concentrations (except for 6.25 mM), with IC50 values of 117, 77, and 69 mM after 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. However, it was cytotoxic against SW1116 only at higher concentrations of 100 and 200 mM (34% and 64% cell death). At lower concentrations, umbelliprenin showed a significant proliferative effect on this noninvasive cancer cell line. Our data were validated by eye and microscopic images.Conclusions: We found a moderate cytotoxic activity of umbelliprenin against invasive SW48 cells, and both cytotoxic and proliferative effects on noninvasive SW1116 cells. Therefore, using umbelliprenin as an anti-inflammatory or cytotoxic compound for patients with colon cancer should be used with care.